Unprocessed past

This country sure has plenty of monuments to the Malvinas War — or, as it is known to the English-speaking world, the Falklands War. Every little town I pass through seems to have some kind of memorial to the soldiers lost in action. Here in Buenos Aires, the monument includes an eternal flame. In Córdoba’s Villa Carlos Paz, children play around a dramatic-looking plane on a post.



Certainly, the Malvinas war was an awful event. It’s natural to feel sad about the 650 or so Argentine soldiers who died – even when you take into account that Argentina started the war, that the war was intended to strengthen one of the cruelest military governments the world has ever seen, that the president was drunk when he ordered the invasion of the islands, and that after the war the military sought to emphasize the memory of the war as a way to distract people from the collapsing economy and continuing revelations about its gruesome death squads.

But is it really right for memorials to the two-month Malvinas War to dominate central squares when there is virtually no commemoration of the perhaps 30,000 Argentines killed by the government a few years earlier? The only thing I’ve seen akin to a prominent physical commemoration of the “Dirty War” is the “Gracias Madres” (Thank you Mothers [of the Plaza de Mayo]) scrawled by some graffiti artist on the obelisk in the center of the Plaza de Mayo.

The lack of commemoration — combined with the shortage of references in the mainstream press and the fact (I admit I have it only on hearsay) that the “Dirty War” is not discussed in schools — makes it seem as if the establishment has made the decision to repress the memory of the crimes of the late 1970s. To a foreigner, at least this one, this seems socially sick. Like a poisonous element of the nation’s self has been left to wander about free and unprocessed. (Which is literally true in the sense of pardoned war criminals.)

Argentina’s reputation abroad, somewhat like Germany’s, is overshadowed by memory of The Process, as the military government ominously called itself. This was clear to me seven months ago when I told acquaintances in New York City that I had decided to move to Argentina. People who had never heard of mate or parrilla would make references to disappearances. One highly respected person told me the country was “full of Nazis.”

I’m happy to report that Argentina is not “full of Nazis,” even if it was the location of the deadliest anti-Semitic crime since the Holocaust — the bombing of the AMIA Jewish center in 1994 — and was home to Adolf Eichmann — living under the pseudonym of Ricardo Clement — until 1961. But, on the other hand, I am far from convinced that the majority of citizens deplore the crimes of the military government.

A bit of official commemoration would help.

@IDIOMA@

Este país tiene un montón de monumentos a la Guerra de las Malvinas — o, como se llama al mundo ingles, la Guerra Falklands. Cada pequeña ciudad que visito tiene algún tipo de monumento a los soldados que murieron en acción. Acá en Buenos Aires, el monumento incluye una llama eterna. En Villa Carlos Paz, en Córdoba, los niños juegan alrededor de un avión encarnado dramáticamente en un poste.


Claro, la Guerra de las Malvinas era algo muy feo. Es natural sentirse triste al pensar en los aproximadamente 650 soldados argentinos que murieron — aun cuando se toma en cuenta que Argentina empezó la guerra, que la guerra tenía como propósito fortalecer una de las dictaduras más crueles que el mundo nunca conoció, que el presidente de Argentina estaba borracho cuando ordenó la invasión de las islas, y que después de la guerra los militares intentaban enfatizar la importancia de la guerra para distraer a la gente de la ruina de la economía y de las revelaciones continuas sobre las brigadas de la muerte espantosas de las fuerzas armadas.

¿Pero realmente es justo que monumentos a la Guerra de las Malvinas — que duró dos meses — dominan plazas centrales cuando hay casi nada conmemorando a los más o menos 30.000 argentinos matados por el gobierno un poco antes de la Guerra de las Malvinas? La única cosa que vi parecido a un monumento de la “Guerra Sucia” es la frase “Gracias Madres” garabateada por alguna artista de pinturas en el obelisco en el centro de la Plaza de Mayo.

La falta de conmemoración — junto con la escasez de referencias en la prensa popular y el hecho (tengo que admitir que lo sé solo de oídas) que la “Guerra Sucia” no es discutida en la escuela — lo hace parecer como si el establishment tomara la decisión de reprimir la memoria de los crímenes de los últimos años de las setenta. A un extranjero, por lo menos yo, esto me parece una enfermedad social. Como si fuera un elemento envenenado de la nación condenado a girar el país – libre y no procesado. (Que es la verdad, literalmente, con respecto a los criminales de guerra perdonados.)

La reputación de Argentina en el extranjero, un poco como la de Alemania, es sombreada por la memoria del Proceso, como el gobierno militar se llamó de manera amenazadora. Esto llegó a ser claro para mi hace siete meses cuando dije a conocidos en Nueva York que había decidido mudarme a Argentina. La gente que no conocía nada del mate o la parrilla hacía referencias a los desaparecidos. Un hombre muy estimado me dijo que el país estaba “lleno de Nazis.”

Me hace feliz reportar que la Argentina no esta “lleno de Nazis,” aunque sea destinataria de el crimen antisemíticos después del Holocausto – la bomba que explotó en el centro judío AMIA en 1994 – y que fue también el hogar del Adolf Eichmann – quien vivió bajo el seudónimo Ricardo Clement – hasta 1961. Pero, por otro lado, no estoy convencido que la mayoría de los ciudadanos deplora los crímenes del gobierno militar.

Un poco de conmemoración oficial ayudaría.

previously there was “So, do you know how to ride a horse?”
afterwards you have scraping by in bsas

comments

Maria M
Hi Jeremy! Every March 24th the subject is remembered and discussed in schools - at least in the public ones. [submitted on 12 May 03]
max
i read yesterday in pagina 12 that a street in buenos aires was renamed as "madres de plaza de mayo". at least a good sign!
i'd like to remember that besides all the support the military government had (and still has) argentina is one of few countries that judged and send to jail its dictators (spain and chile didn't). [submitted on 13 May 03]
Jorge
In Puerto Madero, there is "Azucena Villaflor" street. She was the founder and first president of Madres de Plaza de Mayo. [submitted on 14 May 03]
CM
I think you are totaly wrong when you say:
"The lack of commemoration – combined with the shortage of references in the mainstream press and the fact (I admit I have it only on hearsay) that the “Dirty War” is not discussed in schools – makes it seem as if the establishment has made the decision to repress the memory of the crimes of the late 1970s....".
We learn about this in the school, at least i had. We had discussed this subject too long, we had process the militarys, and we have very clear what happend on that time, so i think you still have to understund a lots of things about here, and start studing in our history and recent history, to give such kind of afirmation, becouse knowone repress that memory, the people in the goverment of the last 20 years, like Alfonsin, Menem, and a lot of politicians, in the dirty war was put in jail by the militarys, so i dont think that they would like to repress what happend. I really think you need to understund a lot more, becouse is not so simple as you think. [submitted on 16 May 03]
CM
Hey Jeremy i cross you the other day in the street!!!...i was going from the University to my job, around 10 AM on Monday, walking thru 9 de Julio near to El Teatro Colon, and i cross you, i tought "mmm...i think i know him, but from where?"...so i didnt tell you nothing...after a while i remeber from where i know your face!!!....from here!!!...jajaja...isn´t it funny? [submitted on 21 May 03]
jeremy
hi CM - you must have really seen me, because I was indeed at that location, heading to Spanish class after my third unsuccessful attempt to buy tickets to Tosca at the Teatro Colón. Screw opera ticketting procedures; they are as ridiculous here as in New York. Anyway, I'm amazed you could recognize me from website photos - quite a memory you must have for faces!

re: the blog - I can see from yours and other comments that the issue is discussed in some schools. Other Argentine friends tell me the subject was avoided in their classes, but perhaps things have changed since they went to school. Whatever the case, it's good to hear that the subject is discussed.

Certainly it's a complicated issue, and one I don't by any means claim to fully understand. Despite this, I believe the basic point of my blog remains true: there aren't many/enough official monuments.

Also, while its true Menem was harrassed throughout the last dictatorship, when he became president he turned around and freed the milicos who had been imprisoned for life by the panel of judges convened by Alfonsín. Why he did this I do not know, but he did, and it seems to me that his actions further muddled the "official perspective" on the matter. [submitted on 22 May 03]
CM
Yes i have good memory!...well if i saw you again i will tell you !HI!..jaja...

Well, what i mean with complicated issue, is that, is not posible to make monuments of this...becouse it is still a very controversial subject. There is people who think that the militarys were necesary at that time, and people who think the contrary, and there is a lot of people in the two ideas.
Imagen that a monument to the Desaparecidos, it coul became in a "war" zone.
I think this is the main reason, why there is not a lot of monuments.

I remeber that 4 years ago, in Ciudad Universitaria, there was a project to create a hole square in memory of the Desaparecidos, but i dont remeber why they never made it at the end. Mybe becouse there was no money.
But it was a very intresting square, a big one, with a lot of scultures (with the desaparecidos as subject), near to the river.....
But any way, i think the main problem, is that our society have not a common idea about this.
Not all the argentines think that this was a wrong. [submitted on 22 May 03]
max
but CM, what do you think? [submitted on 25 May 03]
CM
Que pienso yo?
Yo pienso que es un tema muy complicado, por un lado esta toda la gente inocente que fue asesinada, por otro lado están todos los subersivos, que tembien asesinaban gente inocente poneniendo bombas, por otro lado estan los soldados rasos que tambien murieron. Asi que murio mucha gente inocente, muchos otros que decian pelear por un ideal y muchos otros que decian pelear para defender la patria.
Q cual de toda esa gente le harias un monumento?...Es ahi donde esta el problema.
Obviamente que los subersivos no tendrian que haberlos "desparecido", sino hacerles un juicio justo y encarcelarlos.
Si le haces un monumento a los desaparecidos, estas haciendo un monumento a miles de presonas inocentes que murieron en vano, pero tambien a miles de personas que ponian bombas y asesinaron a tantas otras (eso no quita que este mal lo que hicieron los militares). Fue una guerra sucia, y no quedaron ni ganadores ni vencedores, todos perdimos.
Que la falta de valor de todos nosotros y nuestros governantes en aquel momento nos haya impedido a hacer justicia como la ley manda, no significa que aquellos que decian pelear por un ideal o por defender la patria, sean considerados heroes. Los militares fueron juzgados, los subersivos no. Ni uno ni el otro merecen un reconocimiento porque ambos hicieron las cosas por izquierda.
Solo los inocentes merecen un monumento, pero obviamente se entremezcla con todas las demas suposiciones.
No considero que este mal hacer un monumento a los desaparecidos, pero cualquier tipo de gesto como ese de parte de un govierno se interpretaría como un reconocimiento a alguno de las dos posturas. [submitted on 25 May 03]
CM
Perdon por lo de goVierno...me equivoque con el ingles!!!! [submitted on 25 May 03]
Matias
Jeremy, I hope you can finally get a ticket to Puccini's Tosca. I attended the general and public rehearsal on Thursday 15th. All was great: the performances, the orchestra, the scenography and the costumes!!! Besides, the Teatro Colon is one of a kind. And believe it or not, the rehearsal tickets cost me 5 pesos each one!!! (and there was $2 tickets too).

---
Jeremy, if you can't get your ticket at the Teatro Colon (I hope you don't) you will have a second chance (if you plan to be in NYC by 2004): Luciano Pavarotti plans to return to the New York Metropolitan Opera next March for three performances of Tosca... but without the magic and perfection of the the best acoustic room for lyrics in the world: our Teatro Colon. [submitted on 25 May 03]
max.
hola CM,
yo no estoy de acuerdo. yo creo que a los crimininales hay que juzgarlos. a los que vos llamas subversivos (y a varios otros) en vez de juzgarlos los mataron. ahora aunque sea, habria que juzgar a los criminales que tomaron el poder ilegalmente, mataron, robaron (tambien niños), torturaron, y vendieron el pais. [submitted on 26 May 03]
CM
yo coincido con vos. no se porque decis que no estas de acuerdo [submitted on 27 May 03]
max
entonces estamos de acuerdo. pense que estabas justificando el gobierno militar. [submitted on 27 May 03]
Matias
Alguien me puede explicar el fervor que despertó la visita de Fidel Castro a Buenos Aires? Porque los mismos que se horrorizan al hablar de las dictaduras, torturas y crímenes de nuestra historia, son los que después se desviven por saludar a Fidel. Y encima, el Gobierno de la Ciudad lo condecora como visitante ilustre. Tan inexplicable como la ovación que recibió en el Congreso de la Nación durante la asunción del Presidente Kirchner. Me parece que si a alguien había que ovacionar es a Lula Da Silva, por su origen humilde, su trayectoria, su capacidad, y por todo lo que promete para su país. Fidel, en cambio, es un dictador tal como lo fueron Videla y Galtieri. No se puede tener a un pueblo de rehén durante 40 años, privándolo de la libertad, y caso contrario, ordenando fusilamientos a los que piensan de otra manera. [submitted on 27 May 03]
SC
If you analyze the trajectory of the military “junta” you can clearly see it was the only regimen that rid a country of “subversive” groups. Granted, with some “collateral damage” in the end there was no more terrorism in Argentina. By claiming a “war on terrorism” the junta justified disappearances of thousands of innocent Argentineans while the world watched silently. Isn’t president Bush going in the same direction? [submitted on 27 May 03]
max
what do you mean? [submitted on 27 May 03]
max
anyway, jeremy, looking at the amount of messages you've got for this issue, i have to say you touched the right spot. [submitted on 27 May 03]
CM
Sabes que a mi tambien me llamo mucho la atención lo del fervor por Fidel.
Pero la verdad es que es un personaje muy interesante más alla de si estas de acuerdo o no. [submitted on 28 May 03]
SC
Max, the military killed thousands of innocent people claiming they were terrorists (most weren’t). Bush is doing the same thing. Destroyed Afghanistan (the entire country) looking for terrorists while killing thousands of innocent people. Keeps thousands of “detainees” in Cuba and does not grant them Geneva convention rights for POW’s. All these actions are very similar to what the military did in Argentina during the dirty war. Do you get it now?

Max, los milicos mataron a miles de personas inocentes llamándolos terroristas (la mayoría no eran terroristas). Bush está haciendo lo mismo. Destruyó el país de Afganistán por completo buscando a terroristas y de paso mató a miles de ciudadanos inocentes. Mantiene a miles de detenidos en Cuba sin brindarles los derechos de Prisioneros de Guerra dictados por la Convención de Ginebra (los llama “detenidos” en lugar de prisioneros). Todas estas acciones son muy parecidas a las de los milicos Argentinos durante guerra sucia. ¿Ahora sí entendés Max? [submitted on 28 May 03]
max
yes, i get it. it's quite clear. i was a bit trustless about the real meaning of the discourses. like the things about fidel castro (matias's message): i don't think you can compare Castro with the military junta. for me is quite different. specialy if i think that he's trying with a lot of dignity to resist the policies and propaganda (and some other illegal stuff)from the most powerfull country in the world. while our militars where just selling out our country and killing everybody to instaure a particular economical system in which we're still inmerse. for me is sad that the Cuban government is so autoritarian. but you should see what's the future for them once they get "liberated". may be you can take a look to irak.
pd. traduccion al castellano no va a poder ser.
pd2. sc : me colgue hablando del mensaje de matias, pero, si, entendi lo que decias. [submitted on 28 May 03]
vkl´bn´nv aijer
fget`njmb kdsfbm+i5hnfvj´s n`rin çqbemvcjoufyt80bn [submitted on 31 Jul 06]

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